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The brake caliper is an important component of a vehicle's braking system. Its main function is to convert the hydraulic (or pneumatic) energy transmitted from the master cylinder into mechanical energy, pushing the brake pads (or brake shoes) against the brake disc (or brake drum) to create friction, thus slowing or stopping the vehicle.

Specifically, when the driver depresses the brake pedal, the master cylinder generates pressure, which is transmitted through the lines to the brake caliper. The piston inside the caliper is pushed outward by the pressure, directly acting on the brake pads to clamp the brake disc (disc brakes) or to push the brake shoes outward to engage the brake drum (drum brakes). This uses frictional resistance to force the wheels to slow down until they stop. It is a key executive component that ensures the vehicle's braking performance.

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